Zyxel-communications NWA3550 Uživatelský manuál stáhnout pdf (Strana 313)

NWA3550 User’s Guide

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APPENDIX E

IP Addresses and Subnetting

This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks.

IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including

computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the

network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.

Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also

use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.

Introduction to IP Addresses

One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same

way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a

common network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the

network has its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number

to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the

network the packets are delivered.

Structure

An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example,

192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary

number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation).

Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in

decimal.

The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1)

are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.

1 2 ... 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 ... 343 344

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Zyxel-communications NWA3550 Uživatelský manuál Strana 313